Though implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are increasing in use in both adults and children, little progress has been devoted to optimizing device and electrode placement. To facilitate effective ICD placement, especially in pediatric cases, we have developed a predictive model that evaluates the efficacy of a delivered shock. We have also developed an experimental validation approach based on measurements from clinical cases. The approach involves obtaining body surface potential maps of ICD discharges during implantation surgery using a limited lead selection and body surface estimation algorithm. Comparison of the simulated and measured potentials yielded very similar patterns and a typical correlation greater than 0.93, suggesting that the predictive simulation generates realistic potential values. This validation approach provides confidence in application of the simulation pipeline and offers areas to focus future improvements.

An overview of the work performed by D.E. Smalley, et. al. at Brigham Young University. Discusses a free-space volumetric display, named the Optical Trap Display, that is based on photophoretic optical trapping. This display works by first isolating a cellulose particle in a photophoretic trap created by spherical and astigmatic aberrations. The trap and particle are then scanned through a display volume while being illuminated with red, green and blue light. The resulting image is three-dimensional with a large color range, has fine detail, and low speckle. This method is an improvement on holographic and light-field technologies, in that it can produce image geometries such as long-throw projections, tall sandtables, and 'wrap-around' displays.