Nahum Gershon.
Visualization of an Imperfect World.
In IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 43--45, 1998.

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Abstract:

Visualized data and information can be inaccurate or even wrong. Moreover, in the synthetic digital world anybody can visualize anything in any shape or form, disregarding how users might perceive or get the information. Worse, as technology develops, it becomes easier to do so. Understanding the data and information and reaching sound decisions require knowing what pieces of information or data are accurate, complete, consistent, and certain, identifying which are not and by how much, and making the presentation accurate. The author discusses the following issues: sources of imperfection in information; representing the degree of imperfection; intuitive visual metaphors and cues for representing imperfection; imperfect presentation; and notions of managing imperfection and visualization.

Bibtex:

@Article{        gershon:1998:VOIW,
  author = 	 {Nahum Gershon},
  title = 	 {Visualization of an Imperfect World},
  journal = 	 {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications},
  volume = 	 {18},
  number = 	 {4},
  pages = 	 {43--45},
  year = 	 {1998},
}

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References:

J. Bretin, Graphics and Graphic Information-Processing,Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, N.Y., 1981.
N. Gershon, and S.G. Eick, "Visualization's New Tack: Making Sense of Information," IEEE Spectrum, Nov. 1995, pp. 38-56.
G.G. Robertson, S.K. Card, and J.D. Mackinlay, "Information Visualization Using 3D Interactive Animation," Comm. ACM, Vol. 36, No. 4, 1993, pp. 57-71.
R.S. Wurman, Information Anxiety, Bantam Books, New York, 1990.